Time

Time. Time. AHhhhhh time. Time is the fourth dimension as we know it. Time is a dimension in which events can be ordered from the past through the present into the future, and also the measure of durations of events and the intervals between them.Time has long been a major subject of study in religion, philosophy, and science, but defining it in a manner applicable to all fields without circularity has consistently eluded scholars. There are still many theories about time but the is no evidence yet that support these theories. The only widely supported theory about time is relativity. Which I stated earlier in Einstein.

Nuclear fusion

Today , I will talk about nuclear fusion. More powerful than nuclear fission. Nuclear fusion  is a nuclear reaction in which two or more atomic nuclei collide at very high speed and join to form a new type of atomic nucleus . Like deuterium + tritium =Helium + heat and light . During this process, matter is not conserved because some of the mass of the fusing nuclei is converted to photons which are released through a cycle that even our sun uses. Fusion is the process that powers active stars. Like the sun. The sun will generate heat for 5.4 billion years more. After the hydrogen fuel is used up the sun will become a red giant and destroy earth. Then shrink into a white dwarf like Pluto. The H- bomb can generate more power than U-bomb. It can generate more power than U-bomb. Equal to 10000000 tons of TNT.

The atomic bomb(Nuclear weapon)

Fat Man plutonium fission explosion at Nagasaki 1942

The atomic bomb. The atomic bomb. The atomic bomb. The atomic bomb. The atomic bomb. Huh, why I'm repeating this. Okay straight to the point. Today it is not just physics were talking. We are talking about the worlds most powerful weapon ever created. The atomic bomb is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission and fusion vice versa. Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first fission atomic bomb test released the same amount of energy as approximately 20,000 tons of TNT. Enough to detonate a city into rubble. The two atomic bombs that were only used in war was little boy and fat man. These two bombs completely destroyed the city of Hiroshima and Nagasaki and burned all structures to the ground. Everyone knows that nuclear bombs were directly state to Einstein's theory of the  Mass–energy equivalence theory. The power that were locked in atoms actually very destructive. One more word before I finish.

                                     Peace

The fourth fundemental state of matter. (Plasma)

Plasma created by Jacobs Ladder

Hey everybody. I'll tell you that I'm just 13 years old . I have been studying Physics, Biology and Chemistry for four years. In these four years I have only learned about three fundamental states of matter before but not four. Ah I remembered, I've learned it before but I forgot it. Lots of people and scientists forget the existence of plasma. Plasma eh. Plasma from the Greek word πλάσμα, meaning anything formed. Plasma  is one of the four fundamental states of matter the others being solid, liquid, and gas. Heating a gas may ionize its molecules or atoms reducing or increasing the number of electrons in them, turning it into a plasma, which contains charged particles like positive ions and negative electrons or ions. Ionization can be induced by other means, such as strong electromagnetic field applied with a laser or microwave generator, and is accompanied by the dissociation of molecular bonds, if present. Plasma is so conductive that it is more powerful conductor than a solid superconductor like yttrium oxide, it so conductive that it can be treated virtually infinite. Like gas, plasma does not have a definite shape or a definite volume unless enclosed in a container; unlike gas, under the influence of a magnetic field, it may form structures such as filaments, beams and double layers. To turn water solid, we'd cool it but to turn gas into plasma ,we'd had to ionize it. Plasma can be artificially created by using the Jacobs ladder to produce plasma. That's for today everyone.

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Minoru Shirota

Minoru Shirota

Minoru Shirota 
Minoru Shirota (代田 稔, Shirota Minoru, April 23, 1899 – March 10, 1982) was a Japanese scientist. He was the inventor of Yakult, the yogurt-like probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus casei strain shirota.
  All I know about Minoru's hometown is in Japan, Yina Mountains. Minoru is from a very rich family in Yina. He always aced his exams and almost all his teachers praised him. during the age of 18 Minoru went to the Tokyo University to attain professorship in the study in microorganisms. He went to research Lactobacillus and got a very successful research.

Yakult

  Inspired by the writings of Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov, Shirota developed a stronger strain of lactic acid bacteria which might work to destroy the harmful bacteria living in the intestines, and therefore improve and maintain the health of human beings.In 1930, Shirota was working in a microbiology lab at Kyoto Imperial University's School of Medicine when he became the first in the world to succeed in culturing a strain of lactic acid bacteria beneficial to human health. This bacterium was named Lactobacillus casei strain shirota after Shirota.
The result of his efforts was the successful culturing of Lactobacillus casei strain shirota. Shirota then began working together with supporters to make a drink incorporating the strain. This led to the development of Yakult which was introduced to the market in 1935.
 

Happy 100th viewer anniversary.

Just by a week. I'm very happy to see the blog is finally getting more and more popular. Thank you all. So everyone keep going to my website. I will posts more post and info about science.
 Thank you all for the support.

Caustic soda (Sodium Hydroxide)

Caustic Soda a.k.a Sodium hydroxide is a kind of alkali that composes of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Sodium, never founded by as a native element because

Sodium Hydroxide cyrstals

sodium is a very reactive element that could react with almost every thing. The main source of sodium is founded from sodium chloride as known as table salt and simple salt. It can be separated from using the Downs process. How Caustic Soda is created by putting free state sodium into water or electrolyze sodium chloride.
  Sodium hydroxide is soluble in water, ethanol and methanol. This alkali is deliquescent and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide in air. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries, mostly as a strong chemical base in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and detergents and as a drain cleaner.

Acids and Alkalis

Talk about acids and alkalis. Acids taste sour and alkalis taste bitter. Everyone knows that. Some people say alkalis as bases. But in Malaysia is alkali because Malaysia is a Malay country that uses some Arabic words. The word "alkali" is derived from Arabic al qalīy (or alkali),^[1] meaning the calcined ashes, referring to the original source of alkaline substances. A water-extract of burned plant ashes, called potash and composed mostly of potassium carbonate, was mildly basic. After heating this substance with calcium hydroxide (slaked lime), a far more strongly basic substance known as caustic potash (potassium hydroxide) was produced. Caustic potash was traditionally used in conjunction with animal fats to produce soft soaps, one of the caustic processes that rendered soaps from fats in the process of saponification, known since antiquity. Plant potash lent the name to the element potassium, which was first derived from caustic potash, and also gave potassium its chemical symbol K, which ultimately derives from alkali. Acid was derived from the word acidus in Latin meaning sour. Chemical compounds like acids and alkali cone be determined by litmus papers or indicators to see their pH(percent Hydrogen scale). Acids and Alkalis can react together to form salts or water or together.

 Some pH values:

HCl pH0
H₂SO_{4    pH0}
H₂CO_3   ph3.6
NaOH   ph 14


Some equations

HCl + NaOH=NaCl+H20

Chong Hwa Independent High School, Kuala Lumpur

Chong Hwa Independent High School, Kuala Lumpur (吉隆坡中华独立中学) is one of Malaysia's oldest high schools. Established in 1919 at Setapak, Kuala Lumpur, the school was a primary school. It became a high school when the school board purchased a piece of land of 24,000 square metres along Jalan Ipoh and decided to move the school there. It has remained there ever since.

CHKL school badge

After Malaysian independence, all schools in the country were asked to assimilate into the national school system. Chong Hwa High School was one of the minority of schools that decided to remain apart from that system. Being an independent school means that the school needs to sustain itself through student fees and donations from the public.
Despite the lack of government funding, the school has maintained a 100% passing rate for all government examinations since being established. Its alumni includes the former health minister (Lee Kim Sai). The school has 4,900 students and 300 staff members, being one of the largest high schools in Malaysia.

Website	www.chonghwakl.edu.my

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that encodes the genetic instructions used in the development and functioning of all known living organisms and many viruses. DNA is composed of four kinds of four kinds of chemicals. Adenine, Guanine, Thymine and Cytosine. DNA is a long polymer made from repeating units called nucleotides. DNA was first identified and isolated by Friedrich Miescher and the double helix structure of DNA was first discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick. Within cells, DNA is organised into long structures called chromosomes. During cell division these chromosomes are duplicated in the process of DNA replication, providing each cell its own complete set of chromosomes. Eukaryotic organisms (animals, plants, fungi, and protists) store most of their DNA inside the cell nucleus and some of their DNA in organelles, such as mitochondria or chloroplasts. In contrast, prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) store their DNA only in the cytoplasm. Within the chromosomes, chromatin proteins such as histones compact and organise DNA. These compact structures guide the interactions between DNA and other proteins, helping control which parts of the DNA are transcribed. That's for now,

Inertia

Inertia is the resistance of any physical object to a change in its state of motion or rest, or the tendency of an object to resist any change in its motion. The principle of inertia is one of the fundamental principles of classical physics which are used to describe the motion of matter and how it is affected by applied forces. Inertia comes from the Latin word, iner, meaning idle, or lazy.Newton defined inertia as his first law in his Philosopy Naturalis of Mathematica, which states.

Einstein

Okay so it has been four days of the start of this blog. Today I will talk about Einstein.

E=mc2

E=energy
m=mass(kg)
c=speed of light



E=mc2 is actually an Mass–energy equivalence theory  that Einstein invented. E =mc2 is the concept that the mass of a body is a measure of its energy content. This revealed the energy in atoms that led to nuclear bombs and nuclear power.
  Einstein also invented the theory of relativity.  Relativity can be separated into two kinds. General relativity and  special relativity. Time is relative because it depends where you measure it form. Distances and speed are relative too. If you are in a car and another car whizzes past you, for instance, the slower you are travelling, the faster the other car seems to be moving.

About quarks.

Quarks. Ahh quarks. A quark is a elementary particle and a fundamental constituent of matter.There are six kinds of quarks. There are  up, down, strange, charm, bottom, and top quarks. Up and down quarks have relatively low mass of the all.
  The heavier quarks rapidly change into up and down quarks through a process of particle decay: the transformation from a higher mass state to a lower mass state. Because of this, up and down quarks are generally stable and the most common in the universe, whereas strange, charm, top, and bottom quarks can only be produced in high energy collisions (such as those involving cosmic rays and in particle accelerators).
Quarks have various intrinsic properties, including electric charge, color charge, mass, and spin. Quarks are the only elementary particles in the Standard Model of particle physics to experience all four fundamental interactions, also known as fundamental forces (electromagnetism, gravitation, strong interaction, and weak interaction), as well as the only known particles whose electric charges are not integer multiples of the elementary charge. For every quark flavor there is a corresponding type of antiparticle, known as an antiquark, that differs from the quark only in that some of its properties have equal magnitude but opposite sign.
  The quark model was independently proposed by physicists Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig in 1964. Quarks were introduced as parts of an ordering scheme for hadrons, and there was little evidence for their physical existence until deep inelastic scattering experiments at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center in 1968. All six flavors of quark have since been observed in accelerator experiments; the top quark, first observed at Fermilab in 1995, was the last to be discovered.Thats for today.


MMM. In collaboration of opening this blog. This blog will be the research facility of Chong Hua Independent High School to start our way to the Nobel prize award. Today we will start by quarks.